Huawei’ye uygulanan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ile g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan ABD-\u00c7in teknoloji sava\u015f\u0131, son d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ip sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ad\u0131mlarla zirveye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri <\/a>(ABD) ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan teknoloji \u00e7eki\u015fmesi “\u00e7ip sava\u015f\u0131” ile doruk noktas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7inli teknoloji \u015firketi Huawei’ye uygulanan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131nan \u00e7eki\u015fme, \u00e7ip k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 ile yeniden t\u0131rman\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir d\u00f6nem zihinlere kalitesiz mallar olarak kaz\u0131nan \u00c7in mal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler, \u00c7in’in dijital d\u00f6nemde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan tam tersi bir alg\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nitekim \u00c7in, \u00fcst\u00fcne yap\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalan \u201ckalitesiz \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcreten \u00fclke\u201d damgas\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cMade in China 2025\u201d plan\u0131yla, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek teknoloji <\/a>\u00fcreten \u00fclkesi olmay\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir\u00e7ok teknoloji uzman\u0131, yak\u0131n bir gelecekte \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Google\u2019\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131 \u015firketi Alphabet\u2019in eski ba\u015fkan\u0131 Eric Schmidt, \u00c7in\u2019in yapay zek\u00e2 alan\u0131nda en ge\u00e7 2025\u2019e kadar ABD\u2019yi ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n AI Superpowers kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 ve Google \u00c7in\u2019in eski ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kai-Fu Lee\u2019ye g\u00f6re de durum \u015fimdiden \u00c7in\u2019in lehine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bundan d\u00f6rt, be\u015f sene \u00f6ncesine kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 20 teknoloji \u015firketi listesinde kendine yer bulamayan \u00c7in<\/a>\u2019in Uluslararas\u0131 marka de\u011ferlendirme kurulu\u015fu Brand Finance taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan “D\u00fcnyan\u0131n En De\u011ferli 500 Markas\u0131-Global 500-2022 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131”na g\u00f6re \u015fu anda en de\u011ferli 20 \u015firket listesinde 7 \u015firketi mevcut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD ise listeye 9 \u015firketini sokarken, listedeki en de\u011ferli 5 \u015firkete de ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Listenin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ise teknoloji \u015firketlerinden olu\u015fuyor. Listenin ilk 4 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer alan Apple, Amazon, Google ve Microsoft teknoloji \u015firketlerinin son d\u00f6nemde ne denli \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir nitelikte bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pentagon\u2019dan istifa eden ba\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131m sorumlusu Nicolas Chaillan’\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019in yapay zek\u00e2 <\/a>konusunda ABD\u2019yi ge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi ise ABD taraf\u0131ndan gelen en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 itiraf olarak dikkatleri \u00e7ekti. Chaillan, \u201c\u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 15-20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7bir rekabet \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z yok. \u015eu an bu, bitmi\u015f bir mesele. Bana g\u00f6re \u00e7oktan bitti\u201d ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Information Technology and Innovation Foundation isimli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015funa g\u00f6re ise i\u00e7inde bilgi teknolojilerinin de bulundu\u011fu pek \u00e7ok alanda \u00c7in’in ABD’yi ge\u00e7mesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ip ihracat\u0131nda ise \u00c7in’in a\u00e7\u0131k ara \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dikkati \u00e7ekiyor. Statista verilerine g\u00f6re, i\u00e7ine Tayvan ve Hong Kong’u da alan B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7in g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in’in mikro\u00e7ip ihracat\u0131 400 milyar dolara ula\u015ft\u0131. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise \u00c7in’in ihracat\u0131 522 milyar dolara seviyelerini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00c7in listede ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. ABD ise 44 milyar dolar olan 2020 \u00e7ip<\/a> ihracat\u0131n\u0131 53 milyar dolara \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve listede 7. s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir hamleyle ABD ve \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki rekabette g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybeden ABD teknoloji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli bir atak yapt\u0131. Biden, a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda yerli yar\u0131 iletken \u00fcretiminin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik 52,7 milyar dolarl\u0131k devlet deste\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6ren “\u00c7ip ve Bilim Yasas\u0131n\u0131” imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Biden, ABD’yi bilim ve teknoloji alan\u0131nda \u00c7in ile daha iyi rekabet <\/a>edece\u011fi bir konuma getirmeyi ama\u00e7layan yasaya ili\u015fkin, “\u00c7ip end\u00fcstrisinin gelece\u011fi Amerika’da \u00fcretilecek.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7in Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Xi Jinping ise ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada teknolojik inovasyonlar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 stratejik oyunda en \u00f6nemli sava\u015f alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtti. \u00c7in ayr\u0131ca, uzun zamand\u0131r \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fc yapay zeka ve \u00e7ip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki rekabeti bu haftaki say\u0131s\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yan The Economist dergisi ise \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00e7ip yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na 20 milyar dolarla 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 30 milyar dolar daha yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Dergiye g\u00f6re \u00c7in devleti ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 konumunda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ya\u015fanan son geli\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ip sava\u015f\u0131 adeta en ate\u015fli g\u00fcnlerini ya\u015f\u0131yor. ABD y\u00f6netimi, \u00c7in’in askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan kritik teknolojilere eri\u015fimini engellemek amac\u0131yla geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7iplerin \u00fclkeye ihracat\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yeni k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirmesinin ard\u0131ndan iki taraftan farkl\u0131 hamleler gelmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n South China Morning Post’ta yer alan makaleye g\u00f6re, ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00c7in’deki vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 belli baz\u0131 \u00e7ip fabrikalar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklamas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u00c7in merkezli Naura Technology Amerikan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n AR-GE<\/a> alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6z konusu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n bir ad\u0131m \u00f6teye giderek, \u00c7in’deki fabrikalardaki ABD’li \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015flerini b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ya da Amerikan vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 da beklentiler aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Economist’e g\u00f6re, Amerika’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en iyi yapay zeka ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 3’te 2’si yabanc\u0131 k\u00f6kenli olarak biliniyor. \u00c7in ise b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00c7inli m\u00fchendisleri ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 istihdam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ip krizi sebebiyle pek \u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde \u00fcretim a\u015famalar\u0131nda ciddi sorunlar ya\u015fan\u0131rken baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler bu krizde \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r yara ald\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ise otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fc geliyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ara\u00e7 \u00fcreticilerinden biri olan ABD de \u00e7ip krizinden etkilendi. Washington Post’un haberine g\u00f6re, Avrupa ve Amerika’da 17 otomotiv<\/a> fabrikas\u0131 ya \u00fcretimlerini durdurdu ya da yava\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcketici elektroni\u011fi \u00e7ip krizinin etkiledi\u011fi alanlardan biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Laptoptan ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlara, foto\u011fraf makinelerinden oyun konsollar\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok cihaz\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmezi olan \u00e7iplerin yoklu\u011fu bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin fiyatlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00c7in rekabette \u00f6ne mi ge\u00e7iyor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Teknoloji \u015firketleri zirvede <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
ABD’den 52,7 milyar dolarl\u0131k dev \u00e7ip yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7in’de en b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 devlet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ip krizi en \u00e7ok hangi sekt\u00f6rleri etkiliyor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n